News

European Red List of Freshwater Fishes

Front cover of the 2026 edition of the European Red List of Freshwater Fishes.

Supported by the IUCN SSC Freshwater Fish Specialist Group, today IUCN has released the updated European Red List of Freshwater Fishes – the most comprehensive assessment in 15 years of Europe’s aquatic biodiversity. It finds that nearly six in ten native European freshwater fish species are now of elevated conservation concern, with 42% threatened with extinction, and an additional 18% classified as Near Threatened, highlighting the need for urgent conservation action for Europe’s freshwater fishes. 

Ford, M., Adams, C., Amaral, S., Artaev, O., Bănăduc, D., Barbieri, R., Bean, C., Bravničar, J., Buj, I., Ćaleta, M., Carosi, A., Denys, G., Didenko, A., Doadrio, I., Filipe, A. F., Freyhof, J., Golub, D., Kostov, V., Lorenzoni, M., Magalhães, M. F., Marčić, Z., Marić, S., Oikonomou, A., Perea, S., Ribeiro, F., Šanda, R., Seehausen, O., Selz, O., Shumka, S., Simonović, P., Stefanov, T., Clay, J., Sayer, C. A., Shirkhorshidi, M. and Trottet A. (2026). Measuring the pulse of European biodiversity. European Red List of Freshwater Fishes. Brussels, Belgium: European Commission. https://doi.org/10.2779/880135

Accounting for Non-native Freshwater Fish in the Mekong River: Towards a Better Understanding for Management

Figure 2. (A) Zonal distribution of fish species presence (N = number of species reported; nn = number of non-native species reported in catches) and (B) percentage contribution of different fish guilds by weight to catch in different ecological zones (values in Zones 1–8 are based on MRC catch monitoring surveys 2018–2022) (updated from Cowx et al. Citation2025).

New research led and funded by the IUCN FFSG finds approximately 7% of fish species recorded in the Mekong to be non-native. Totalling 107, these non-native fishes mostly originate from aquaculture and the aquarium trade and add an additional threat to the many already faced by the Mekong’s native fishes. The report recommends continuous monitoring of the spread of non-natives and their introduction pathways, and regional management measures to remediate any pending threats to biodiversity and fisheries: Full article: Accounting for Non-native Freshwater Fish in the Mekong River: Towards a Better Understanding for Management

Cowx, I. G., Lai, Q. T., Vu, A. V., Tao, J., Sukumasavin, N., Phouthavong, K., … Hughes, K. (2026). Accounting for Non-native Freshwater Fish in the Mekong River: Towards a Better Understanding for Management. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2026.2636521

New Species 2025 Report Released

Front cover of report shows Ancestor Cory Hoplisoma noxium. This is a deep-bodied catfish with a sloping head profile, and flattened ventral surface, giving the fish a triangular lateral profile. It has barbels around the ventral suckermouth, strong pectoral fins, a large dorsal fin with two dorsal spines and 7 soft rays. The head is brown with dense beige spots, while the flanks are pinkish beige with dense dark spots. The fins are dark with pale spots and the tail is pale with dark spots. The fish is resting on a smooth rock with dark water and vegetation behind it. Image © Hans Evers

This World Wildlife Day, SHOAL release their fifth annual New Species report: New Species 2025, containing the third highest number (309) of species descriptions in any year since records began way back in 1758!! New species include the beautiful Black Arrow Tetra, the Sicklefin Redhorse, which is the largest new native fish found in North America in the last century, and the powerfully toxic Ancestor Cory.

New Species 2025 is a collaboration between SHOAL, the IUCN Freshwater Fish Specialist Group, and the California Academy of Sciences. As well as highlighting the newly described species, it deep dives into a selection of fish species and showcases some of their incredible adaptations.
See Report here

2025: SHOAL: Tiny Fishes: the miniature marvels that slip through the net

Front cover of SHOAL Tiny FIshes report - dark background and a selection of tiny fishes mentioned in the report.

2025: SHOAL: Tiny Fishes: the miniature marvels that slip through the net

This report is built around the idea that tiny fishes are doubly neglected: firstly, by being in a species group that has historically received very little attention, and secondly by being often overlooked even within that overlooked and underfunded group.

Yet although they rarely feature in
documentaries, they play an outsized role in how rivers, streams, wetlands and springs function.

SHOAL has created this report not just because tiny fish are charming
curiosities but because they are central to how freshwater ecosystems function, and because
they are disappearing fast.

Africa’s Forgotten Fishes – and the Emergency Recovery Plan to save them

Cover of the report, with the image of a shoal of Critically Endangered Twee River redfin, Pseudobarbus erubescens © Jeremy Shelton, and the logos of all the organisations that have supported it.

Today, the IUCN SSC Freshwater Fish Specialist Group, alongside 17 other conservation organisations, has launched the new report ‘Africa’s Forgotten Fishes – and the Emergency Recovery Plan to save them’. Led by FFSG co-chair Kathy Hughes, with input from FFSG Regional Chairs for Africa – Professor Albert Chakona, Dr. Jos Snoeks, Dr. Abebe Getahun, Professor Philippe Laleye, and the late Paul Loiselle (who the report is dedicated to).  The report details the amazing diversity of fishes found across the continent of Africa, from the tiny galaxiids of South Africa to the ancient bichir, from elephantfishes that communicate using electric signals, to the extraordinary radiation of cichlids in Africa’s Great Lakes. While these fishes have not been forgotten by the millions of people whose lives and livelihoods depend on them, they have mostly been forgotten by decision makers. This matters because 26% of Africa’s freshwater fishes are threatened with extinction. The report calls upon decision makers to remember freshwater fishes and safeguard the wetland ecosystems we all rely upon by:

– Letting rivers flow more naturally with adequate flows;

  • Improving water quality in freshwater ecosystems;
  • Protecting and restoring critical habitats and species;
  • Ending unsustainable resource use;
  • Preventing and controlling invasive non-native species; and
  • Safeguarding free-flowing rivers and remove obsolete barriers

The report sets out how to do this, with examples from Africa and across the world. To find out more please the full report here: https://freshwaterfish.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/WWF_Africas_Forgotten-Fishes.pdf

Remembering Paul Loiselle – FFSG Regional Chair

Paul Loiselle, a man wearing glasses, with short dark hair, wearing a striped shirt, smiling at the camera.

We learned with great sadness in April of the passing of Freshwater Fish Specialist Group member and Regional Chair for Madagascar, Dr Paul Loiselle.  Paul was legendary for his knowledge of freshwater fish species, especially those from Africa and including Madagascar.  He was an excellent photographer and produced so many stunning images of freshwater species, which helped generate interest and propel them into the spotlight and garner conservation support.  During the course of his more than 50 year career, Paul studied fishes from all over the world, promoting their conservation in so many places including not only Madagascar but across Africa, including the rift valley lakes and Lake Victoria and also in the neotropics of the West Indies, Mexico and Central America, and Peru.

Paul was the Curator of Freshwater Fishes at the New York Aquarium from 1988 until his retirement and was hugely respected in the public aquarium and zoo community.  He was also well known by aquarium hobbyists as a founding member and Fellow of the American Cichlid Association, an Honorary Fellow of the Association France Cichlid and a Life Member of the North Jersey Aquarium Society.

Paul is a well published author of many manuscripts and publications on freshwater fish, including their aquarium care and breeding.  His books include The Cichlid Aquarium, Your Garden Pond, and The Fishkeeper’s Guide to African Cichlids.

Several fish species have been named after Paul V. Loiselle in recognition of the huge role he has played in freshwater fish study and conservation.  With his love of and dedication to Malagasy cichlids he is honoured in nomenclature with Madagascar cichlids named for him: Ptychochromis loisellei, described by Sparks and Stiassny in 2002, and Paretroplus loisellei as well as the Papua New Guinea rainbowfish Melanotaenia loisellei.

Paul was behind the CARES (Conservation, Awareness, Recognition and Responsibility, Encouragement and Education, and Support and Sharing) programme from the beginning in 2004 and served as their Technical Editor for Freshwater Fishes and Madagascar Regional Coordinator.

Freshwater fish enthusiasts around the world share an immense gratitude to Paul for providing inspiration, information and steadfast support.  We will all miss him greatly and thank him wholeheartedly for his tremendous contributions to our knowledge and understanding of the freshwater fish world.

Thank you, Paul.

Dr Paul Loiselle was an avid photographer of freshwater fishes. FFSG share a small selection of them here. All images © Paul Loiselle.

Four images of fish © Paul Loiselle: Aolonacara jacobfriebergi 'Eureka' male, Boraras micros male, Coptodon zillii male, and Cynotilapia afra blue dorsal male
Aolonacara jacobfriebergi ‘Eureka’ male, Boraras micros male, Coptodon zillii male, and Cynotilapia afra blue dorsal male © Paul Loiselle
Four fishes © Paul Loiselle: Fundulopanchax gardneri blue fin, Fundulopanchax sjoestedti male, Haplochromis lividus territorial male, and Julidochromis dickfeldi male
Fundulopanchax gardneri blue fin, Fundulopanchax sjoestedti male, Haplochromis lividus territorial male, and Julidochromis dickfeldi male © Paul Loiselle
Four fishes © Paul Loiselle: Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos pair, Oreochromis urolepis dominant male, Poropanchax stigmatopygus male , and Puntigrus partipentazona male
Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos pair, Oreochromis urolepis dominant male, Poropanchax stigmatopygus male , and Puntigrus partipentazona male © Paul Loiselle
Three images of fishes © Paul Loiselle: Synodontis victoriae, Trichopsis schalleri male, and Tropheus moorii Chilanga
Synodontis victoriae, Trichopsis schalleri male, and Tropheus moorii Chilanga © Paul Loiselle

New Species 2024 Report Released

Front cover of report, with an image of one of the new species, the Irridescent Minnow, Opsariichthys iridescens

This World Wildlife Day, SHOAL release their fourth annual New Species report. New Species 2024 draws attention the the 260 freshwater fish species described throughout the year, and celebrates the taxonomists who work so hard to bring these fishes to the light.

New Species 2024 is a collaboration between SHOAL, the IUCN Freshwater Fish Specialist Group, and the California Academy of Sciences. As well as highlighting the newly described species, it deep dives into a selection of fish species and showcases some of their incredible adaptations.
See Report here

1st International Conference on the Cultural Significance of Fish

Taking place on 10-11th June 2025 in Ely, Cambridgeshire, this conference will seek to explore the myriad ways in which fish have influenced, shaped and been depicted in cultures throughout history and around the world.

It will bring together speakers and delegates from across Europe and further afield for two days of presentations, posters and panel sessions. It will also provide opportunities for networking which includes a guided tour of the historic Ely Cathedral.

Papers have already been accepted from New Zealand, Italy, Holland, Ireland, Belgium and the UK

The conference is an in-person event and there will be no online talks or virtual access.
https://ifm.org.uk/events/1st-international-conference-on-the-cultural-significance-of-fish/

Indigenous method used for freshwater fish conservation efforts

Lady in chequered scarf, against a background of posters showing the fish relocation project. She is holding a bunch of fernlike plants.

In a recent conservation effort at Zealandia Te Māra a Tāne, a traditional Māori method known as whakaweku proved successful in collecting freshwater fish for relocation.

Using bundles of rārahu/bracken fern, this method facilitated the collection of 139 toitoi/common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) from Kōhangapiripiri in the Parangārahu Lakes area during late April and early May.

Read more at Te Ao (Maori News): https://www.teaonews.co.nz/2024/06/14/indigenous-method-used-for-freshwater-fish-conservation-efforts/

White Sturgeon receives California State Protection

Long, silvery white fish swimming over a rock and silt substrate. Instead of scales, it has five rows of bony plates reaching from its gills to its tail, strong pectoral fins, long snout, and barbels under its chin.

The White Sturgeon, (Acipenser transmontanus), the biggest freshwater fish in North America, its population dwindling due to freshwater quantity and quality depletion as well as recreational fishing, has been accepted as a candidate for protection under California’s Endangered Species Act.   A coalition of environmental groups and the California Sportfishing Protection Alliance petitioned for the species to be listed, and were successful in this first step toward protection.

The white sturgeon will be protected under the California Endangered Species Act until the commission makes a final decision whether to list it as threatened or endangered, which could take a year. Harming aa species, such as by water diversions or fishing, is prohibited for candidate species the same as if it was fully listed.

Capradio: https://www.capradio.org/articles/2024/06/24/this-giant-freshwater-fish-north-americas-largest-gains-california-protection/

Shade cloth and poisonous dust: how the red-finned blue-eye was brought back from the brink

Two tiny, silvery fish, one with red fins and orange tail (male), and the other with colourless fins (female), both with blue eyes, facing each other above a sandy substrate.

The Red-Finned Blue-Eye (Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis) is no longer Australia’s rarest freshwater fish.

The last of its tiny kind – all but bullied to extinction by introduced Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), an invasive fish that grows to twice the size and eight times the body mass – were a few years ago confined to a lone artesian spring in outback Queensland.
The species has since been reintroduced to 13 other shallow springs on Edgbaston reserve. The former cattle station, about 1,000km west of Brisbane, is home to 26 species that are found no where else in the world – including the Red-Finned Blue-Eye.
The springs, desert safe-havens of artesian water, are protected by foot-high fences made of shade cloth which keep the Gambusia out and native fish populations in.
Read more at The Guardian

Utah Nursery Gives Endangered Fish a Place to Grow

Blueish olive fish with a yellowish belly, and a unique, bony, razor-like keel that rises abruptly behind the head. The fish is elongate and fairly robustly buit, with a dorsal fin that is highest at the head end, and declines in height toward the tail. It is swimming across a stony substrate with a good deal of algae.

A Nature Conservancy preserve in Moab, Utah offers hopeful news for endangered razorback suckers: this fall, 51 juvenile suckers were recorded on the property’s fish nursery, which began operation in 2020. “When we survey the river, we find adult suckers.  We find baby suckers,” says Sam Brockdorff, a biologist with Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. “The problem is, we don’t find juvenile suckers.”. Those juvenile suckers lack the flooded wetland habitat they need for protection. That’s the need that the Matheson Preserve, and its Fish Nursery, is fulfilling. The nursery also presents another opportunity: for outreach. Attention and love for native fishes is growing in local communities and beyond.

Read more on The Nature Conservancy

Devils Hole pupfish spring population at 25-year high

A bright blue fish that resembles a guppy is surrounded by algae.

191 fish counted!

AMARGOSA VALLEY, Nevada – Agency biologists are excited to report increased numbers of one of the world’s rarest fishes. Scientists counted 191 Devils Hole pupfish, which is the most fish observed during annual spring season counts in 25 years. This is good news for the critically endangered fish living in Death Valley National Park.

Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis) live in the smallest habitat of any vertebrate species on the planet. Devils Hole is a deep, water-filled cavern located near Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge in Nye County, Nevada. The fish live in the upper 80 feet of the cave and depend on the11-foot by 16-feet sun-lit shallow shelf at the cavern’s entrance for food and spawning.

Read more: https://www.nps.gov/deva/learn/news/devils-hole-spring-2024.htm

Read more about these fish: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devils_Hole_pupfish

Mekong’s Forgotten Fishes Report

FFSG is proud to have supported the delivery of the new Mekong’s Forgotten Fishes Report. Led by FFSG Co-Chair Kathy Hughes (FFSG Co-Chair), with support from Chavalit Vidthayanon (FFSG South-east Asia Chair), Catherine Sayer (FFSG Biodiversity Adviser) and Zeb Hogan (FFSG member).

The Mekong is a global hotspot for freshwater fishes, with over 1200 recognised fish species.  The report found that 19% of the Mekong’s diverse and unique freshwater fishes are threatened with extinction. The Mekong’s Forgotten Fishes report is supported by a coalition of 25 organisations and sets how we can deliver a Freshwater Biodiversity Emergency Recovery Plan to conserve them. 

Read all about it!

New Species 2023

Black background with gravel and two flat rocks on the bottom. A pale pink, scaleless, almost eyeless fish with a horn like protrusion horizontally above its face, is examining the gravel with two barbels on its snout. It is Sinocyclocheilus longicornus, a newly discovered cave fish from China

FFSG is proud to  have supported this fantastic new species report from Shoal:

There are some fantastic stories of amazing fishes in this year’s edition, including a fish named after a Hobbit that went on an ‘unexpected journey’, the world’s largest cavefish, and an incredible seven species described from Central European lakes!

Read all about it at SHOAL